BTC$80,559-1.44% ETH$2,365-1.74% USDT$0.9991+0.01% BNB$732.76-1.53% XRP$1.28-3.45% USDC$0.9997+0.01% SOL$101.75-2.73% TRX$0.3296+0.00% FIGR_HELOC$1.02-0.66% ZEC$1,156-6.03% HYPE$75.62-3.73% DOGE$0.0775-3.21% XMR$589.12-3.96% USDS$1.00-0.02% WBT$78.20-1.49% LINK$11.63-4.46% LEO$9.01-0.29% ADA$0.2073-4.19% XLM$0.1699-4.35% NEAR$4.52-8.97% RAIN$0.008091-5.19% BCH$275.51-4.08% USDE$0.9994+0.02% DAI$1.00+0.02% LTC$56.50-5.06% UNI$6.83-5.46% CC$0.1031+0.14% AVAX$8.90-4.14% USD1$0.9989+0.01% SUI$0.9452-5.25% GRAM$1.24-6.68% HBAR$0.0767-4.10%
Menu
Home
Assets
Coverage
All assetsEvery research file, largest firstSectorsWhat each category holds and weighsRankingsFourteen leaderboards and what they missHeat mapThe market sized by value, shaded by changeGlobal marketTotal capitalization, dominance and volume
Tools
ScreenerFilter by fundamentals, supply and riskCompare assetsResearch files side by sideSavedThe assets you have starred
Fundamentals
Economics
Fees & revenueWhat users pay, and who keeps itValue lockedCapital deposited in each networkExchange volumeTrading on decentralized exchanges
Networks
Network activityAddresses, transactions and throughputStablecoinsDollar tokens, where they live and what backs themStaking & yieldWhat securing a network pays, after issuance
Valuation
Standardized measures
Valuation ratiosPrice against fees and revenue, limits statedSupply & issuanceCirculating, maximum and the dilution aheadMetric definitionsEvery figure: definition, period, limitation
Institutional
Regulated access
Exchange-traded productsEvery US-listed fund, with a page eachCorporate treasuriesListed companies holding digital assets
Research
Analysis
Research notesShort notes written from stored figuresEvents calendarUpgrades, halvings and policy dates
Risk
Risk frameworkFifty factors in seven familiesSecurity incidentsExploits and failures, with the losses
Learn
Education
Learn libraryEleven tracks, from first principlesGlossaryEvery term in plain EnglishCalculatorsFee drag, dilution and conversion
How this site works
MethodologyHow every figure is measuredData sourcesWho publishes what we showData freshnessWhen each feed last ranAI agentsPrompts that keep an assistant on our dataPublic APIThe same figures, as JSON
News Ask the data About us
Reading options
Guided view

New to markets — prices, yields, market cap? We explain every term as you browse, in plain English. Same data, with the help built in.

Expert view

You already know the market. Just the data — clean, fast and compact, with no extra explanations. This is the default view.

View
Light or dark
Language
Photography PhotographyStill lifeCryptoStudio
Public API

Every figure on this site is available as JSON, with its period and source attached.

Read the API docs
Governance risk DeFiStablecoinsBridgesLayer 2Gaming & NFT

Upgradeable Proxy Contracts

The contract that holds funds can be pointed at new code, so the audited behavior of today is not necessarily the behavior of tomorrow.

How it happens

A proxy holds the assets and the storage while delegating execution to a separate implementation contract whose address can be changed by whoever holds the upgrade right. This pattern is genuinely useful, since it allows a bug to be fixed without migrating users, but it means the code a depositor reviewed is a snapshot rather than a commitment. Two additional exposures follow. Storage layout must remain compatible across upgrades, and a mistake there can corrupt balances rather than merely change behavior. And the implementation is itself a dependency that can be removed, so the proxy pattern makes the contract's future contingent on both the upgrade key and the continued existence of the code it points to.

What you can actually observe

Check whether the address is a proxy by reading the standard implementation and admin storage slots, then identify who holds the upgrade right and whether upgrades pass a timelock. Count how many times the implementation has changed and compare the currently deployed implementation against the specific commit that was audited. Where a timelock exists, its queue of pending changes is public and can be monitored.

Precedent

In 2017 a shared library that many Parity multisig wallets delegated to was self-destructed, freezing the balances of every wallet that depended on it and demonstrating that the code behind a proxy is a live dependency.

What makes it more or less material

Consider whether the contract is upgradeable at all, who holds that right, whether a timelock and an exit window exist, how frequently the implementation has changed, and whether the current code matches an audited version.

01

Related factors

Smart Contract Defect Technical A flaw in deployed contract code lets funds be moved, locked, or destroyed in ways the designers never…
Upgrade and Migration Failure Technical A protocol upgrade or token migration goes wrong, splitting the network, stranding holders on an old…
Admin Keys and Multisig Control Governance A small set of keys can pause, upgrade, mint, or move assets, so the system's safety depends on those…
Low-Turnout Governance Governance Token votes decide protocol parameters, but only a small share of tokens usually votes, so a modest holding…
02

Assets this applies to

The largest assets we classify in the categories this factor applies to. Presence here means the factor is relevant to that kind of asset, not that it has occurred.

TetherUSDCFigure HelocUSDSRainEthena USDeDaiUniswapUSD1Tether Gold
Digital Asset DatabaseDigital asset research & education

Assets

All assetsSectorsRankingsHeat mapScreenerCompareSaved

Fundamentals

Fees & revenueValue lockedExchange volumeNetwork activityStablecoinsStaking & yield

Valuation & risk

Valuation ratiosSupply & issuanceMetric definitionsRisk frameworkSecurity incidents

Institutional

Exchange-traded productsCorporate treasuriesEventsResearch notesNews

Learn

Learn libraryGlossaryCalculatorsAsk the dataAI agentsPublic API

About

About usContactMethodologyData sourcesEditorial policyData freshness

Legal

DisclaimersTerms of usePrivacy policy