Espresso

Espresso is an infrastructure protocol that functions as a global confirmation layer for Layer 2 blockchain networks, providing fast and reliable transaction confirmations backed by Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus. It is designed for developers and operators of rollup chains who need credibly neutral, near-instant information about the state of their own chain and other chains connected to the network. The protocol aims to solve problems such as sequencer equivocation, chain reorganizations, and finality risk that arise in cross-chain and intent-based transaction systems.

Espresso uses BFT consensus to produce confirmations that participating L2 chains can rely on without trusting a single centralized sequencer, meaning the network can also serve as a decentralized sequencer itself. It additionally offers a low-cost data availability layer, so chains plugged into it can access a shared source of truth about cross-chain activity. The ESP token's precise role within this mechanism is not specified in the available data beyond its association with the protocol.

The available data does not include a fee stream, revenue figures, or a description of who pays fees to the protocol or who receives them, so this site carries no fee-based measures such as price-to-fees or revenue yield for Espresso. What the data does record is that only 19.73 percent of the token supply is currently in circulation on a point-in-time basis, with a dilution overhang of approximately 406.87 percent, meaning the supply of tokens not yet issued is more than four times the circulating supply. The fully diluted valuation is 5.07 times the current market capitalization on a point-in-time basis, reflecting how much of the total future supply has yet to enter circulation. No maximum supply figure is stored, so the ultimate total issuance is not defined in this dataset.